向玉萍1，2，邱树毅1，2，曹文涛1，2，班世栋1，2，王晓丹1，2*
（1.贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院，贵州贵阳 550025；
2.贵州大学贵州省发酵工程与生物制药重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550025）
摘要：以贵州遵义地区的酱香大曲为研究材料，采用可培养的技术手段，分离鉴定酱香大曲中的霉菌，通过菌落形态和细胞形态特征，结合霉菌ITS基因序列同源性对比结果，共分离鉴定出10个属的霉菌共55株。最终确定酱香型大曲霉菌的主体类群组成以Aspergillus sp.、Rhizopus sp.、Lichtheimia sp.，Rhizomucor sp.、Monascus sp.、Eurotium sp.、Paecilomyces sp.、Mucor sp.为重要功能性菌群的群落体系。其中Aspergillus flavus、Lichtheimia ramose、Lichtheimia corymbifera、Eurotium amstelodami四种霉菌在5个大曲样品中均分离到，Mucor circinelloides存在于除MF01的其他四个样品中，Paecilomyces variotii存在于除MF02的其他四个样品中；而Penicillium commune仅在样品MF02中被鉴定出来，Aspergillus tamarii、Penicillium griseofulvum、Thermoascus crustaceus这三种霉菌仅在样品MF03中被鉴定出来，说明即使在酱香型白酒核心产区，不同酒厂大曲霉菌的种类存在差异性。
关键词：酱香大曲；可培养霉菌；种群结构多样性
中图分类号：TS261.12 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-506X（2021）02-0056-0010
Isolation and Identification of Molds in Daqu of the Core Producing Area of Moutai-flavor Liquor
XIANG Yu-ping1，2, QIU Shu-yi1，2, CAO Wen-tao1，2, BAN Shi-dong1，2, WANG Xiao-dan1，2*
（1.School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550025, China；
2.Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550025, China）
Abstract：Taking Maotai-flavor Daqu in Zunyi area of Guizhou province as the research material, the molds in Maotai-flavor Daqu were isolated and identified by culturable technology. According to the colony morphology and cell morphological characteristics, combined with the homology comparison results of its gene sequence, a total of 55 molds belonging to 10 genera were isolated and identified. Finally, Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Lichtheimia sp., Rhizomucor sp., Monascus sp., Eurotium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Mucor sp. were identified as the main functional groups. Among them, Aspergillus flavus, Lichtheimia ramose, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Eurotium amstelodami were isolated from five Daqu samples. Mucor circinelloides existed in the other four samples except MF01 and Paecilomyces variotii existed in the other four samples except MF02, while Penicillium commune was only identified in MF02, Aspergillus tamarii, Penicillium griseofulvum, Thermoascus crustaceus were only identified in MF03, which indicated that there were differences in the species of Daqu in different distilleries even in the core production areas of Maotai-flavor liquor.
Keywords：Moutai-flavor Daqu; culturable mold; population structure diversity
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2021.02-008
收稿日期：2020-07-31
基金项目：贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑［2018］2834）；贵州大学培育项目（黔科合平台人才［2017］5788-23）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合平台人才［2019］5645号）
作者简介：向玉萍（1997-），女，硕士研究生。研究方向：白酒风味分析。
*通信作者
引文格式：向玉萍,邱树毅,曹文涛,等.酱香型白酒核心产区大曲中霉菌的分离及鉴定[J].食品与发酵科技,2021,57(2):56-65.
