邵毅恒1,2，杨宁2，王芷1,2，李保国1*，刘 莉2,3*
（1.上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院，上海 200093；
2.中国科学院上海高等研究院，上海 201210；
3.上海有机固废生物转化工程技术研究中心，上海 200241）
摘要：餐厨垃圾占城市生活垃圾比重日益增高，其成分特性非常适合微生物生长繁殖，若处理不当则极易腐败污染环境。目前市面上存在多种针对餐厨垃圾的资源化处理技术，各有优劣。通过介绍生物减量技术原理并将其与同为好氧处理中的好氧堆肥与生物干化对比，体现出生物减量技术能更好实现减量化的优势，更适用于餐厨垃圾前端处理。重点从减量菌、餐厨垃圾预处理、填充剂选择与复配三角度介绍了餐厨垃圾生物减量的强化策略，并列举部分生物减量技术规模化的应用，为进一步提高生物减量效率提供参考。
关键词：餐厨垃圾；好氧发酵；生物减量；降解
中图分类号：X705 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-506X（2024）01-0122-0006
Research Progress of Food Waste Biodegradation Technology
SHAO Yiheng1,2, YANG Ning2, WANG Zhi1,2, LI Baoguo1*, LIU Li2,3*
(1.School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China; 2.Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Shanghai 201210,China;3.Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste，Shanghai 200241,China)
Abstract: Food waste accounts for an increasing proportion of municipal solid waste, and its composition is very suitable for microbial growth. Improper disposal of food waste can lead to rot and environmental pollution. At present, there are various technologies for resource treatment of food waste,each with its advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents an overview of the principle of food waste biodegradation and compares it with aerobic composting and bio-drying, both of which are aerobic treatment methods, to demonstrate that biodegradation offers better reduction advantages and is more suitable for front-end treatment of food waste. The enhanced strategy for biodegradation of food waste is presented from three perspectives:microbial agents for degradation, pretreatment of food waste, and the selection and compounding of fillers. Additionally, some of the large-scale applications of biodegradation technology are outlined to serve as references for further enhancing biodegradation efficiency.
Keywords: food waste; aerobic fermentation; biodegradation; degradation
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2024.01-020
收稿日期：2023-04-04
基金项目：上海市科委项目（21DZ1209400）；上海市浦东新区科技发展基金（PKJ2021-C02）
作者简介：邵毅恒（1998-），男，硕士研究生。研究方向：有机固废生物转化。
*通信作者：李保国（1961-），男，教授。研究方向：食品生物技术；刘莉（1982-），女，研究员。研究方向：有机固废生物转化。
引用格式:邵毅恒,杨宁,王芷,等.餐厨垃圾生物减量技术研究进展[J].食品与发酵科技,2024,60(1):122-126,131.
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